Американска композиция и риторика (книга на английски език)
Donald Davidson (автор)
Твърда корица с обложка, голям формат | 723 стр. | 1207 гр.
(неизползвана книга в почти отлично състояние - леко захабен външен вид)
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На задната корица:
Donald Davidson poet, author, editor, innovator in the world of letters, was educated at Vanderbilt University and has received degrees of Litt. D. from Washington and Lee University, Cumberland University and Middlebury College. A professor in the Vanderbilt Department of English since 1938, he is now emeritus.
He was one of the founders and editors of The Fugitive and a part of the "Fugitive group" of poets who published this magazine from 1922 to 1925. His published poetry has been collected in five volumes: An Outland Piper, The Tall Men, Lee in the Mountains and Other Poems, The Long Street and Poems, 1922 to 1961. Among his prose works are The Attack on Leviathan: Essays on Regionalism and Nationalism; Still Rebels; Still Yankees and Other Essays; and The Spyglass: Views and Reviews. His textbook publications include Concise American Composition and Rhetoric and Twenty Lessons in Reading and Writing Prose. He is a contributor to The Dictionary of American Biography and Collier's Yearbook. Professor Davidson's articles have appeared in more than 25 periodicals, from The Saturday Review of Literature to the New York Times Book Review.
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CONTENTS
PREFACE TO THE FIFTH EDITION V
PREFACE TO THE FIRST EDITION yiii
CHAPTER
I. THE STUDY OF COMPOSITION AND RHETORIC 1
TWO KINDS OF RESOURCES 3
THE AUTOBIOGRAPHY 6
"The Boys' Ambition" by SAMUEL L. CLEMENS 8
[Life on the Mississippi]
"Examinations" by WINSTON S. CHURCHILL 12
[My Early Life: A Roving Commission]
THEME TOPICS 15
II. THE COMPOSITION 16
1. THE PROBLEM 16
2. THE GUIDING PURPOSE 20
Unity in the Composition 23
3. ADAPTING MEANS TO ENDS: COHERENCE, OR HOW SHALL I SAY IT? 30
Two Kinds of Order
(1) NATURAL ORDER 32
(2) LOGICAL ORDER 34
4. THE MARKS OF GOOD ORDER: TRANSITION IN THE COMPOSITION 39
5. PROPORTION AND EMPHASIS 44
III. EXPOSITORY WRITING 46
PROJECT 1. A PROCESS 47
"Cutting an Oak" by HUGH MACLENNAN 52
[Scotchman's Return and Other Essays]
OUTLINES 54
PRECIS-WRITING 57
"Rowing the Eight-Oared Shell" by OLIVER LA FARGE 58
[Raw Material]
"Acting on the 'Open' Stage" by RICHARD SOUTHERN 61
[The Open Stage and the Modern Theatre]
SUGGESTIONS FOR THEMES 65
SUGGESTIONS FOR READING 66
PROJECT 2. MECHANISMS AND ORGANIZATIONS 67 "The Pennsylvania Fireplace or Franklin Stove" by ROGER BURL1NGAME 70
[March of the Iron Men] "Rocket Power: The Principle of the Reaction Motor" by G. EDWARD PENDRAY 72
[The Coming Age of Rocket Power]
"The Many-Sided Labor Union" by KENNETH E. BOULDING 76
[The Organizational Revolution] SUGGESTIONS FOR THEMES 82
PROJECT 3. PEOPLE 83 "Benton of Missouri" by ARTHUR M. SCHLESINGER, JR. 88
[The Age of Jackson] "To Toscanini" by DOROTHY THOMPSON 91
[On the Record]
"Captain of Industry, 1925" by SINCLAIR LEWIS 96
[Dodsworth]
"David Wark Griffith" by JAMES AGEE 98
[Agee on Film]
SUGGESTIONS FOR THEMES 100 SUGGESTIONS FOR READING 101
PROJECT 4. IDEAS 102 "Thinking Like a Mountain" by ALDO LEOPOLD 106
[A Sand County Almanac]
"On Solitude" by HENRY D. THOREAU 109
[Walden]
"American Attitudes toward Leisure" by REUEL DENNEY 111
[The Astonished Muse]
"An Anomaly of Democracy" by RICHARD M. WEAVER 115
[Ideas Have Consequences]
SUGGESTIONS FOR THEMES 117
SUGGESTIONS FOR READING 118
PROJECT 5. THE REVIEW 118
"The Great Past of the Cumberland Country" by DONALD DAVIDSON 122
[New York Herald Tribune Book Review] "Paris Warmed Up" by FRANCIS RUSSELL 125
[National Review]
SUGGESTIONS FOR THEMES 126
A review of a magazine article; a review of a book; a review of a play, moving picture, television program, or sports event
IV. THE PARAGRAPH 129
Nature and Function of the Paragraph. Length of the Paragraph. The Topic Sentence. Paragraphs as Related Parts of the Whole Composition. Methods of Developing Thought within the Paragraph. Linking the Parts. Special Uses of the Paragraph. Introductory Paragraphs. Concluding Paragraphs. Transitional Paragraphs. Short Paragraphs for Emphasis. Para¬graphs in Dialogue. Specimen Paragraphs for Analysis. Exercises.
V. THE SENTENCE 161
1. GRAMMATICAL PATTERN 162
Deliberate Fragmentations: (1) The Broken Sentence; (2) The Elliptical Sentence; Error of the Fragmentary Sentence. Fusion of Sentences. Types of Sentence Organization. Sentence Analysis.
2. LOGICAL PATTERN 174 Typical Errors of Form. Word Order and Syntax. Normal Word Or¬der. Change of Function without Change of Form. Position of Modi¬fiers. Typical Errors of Sentence Structure: Dangling Modifiers, Mis¬placed Modifiers. Errors of Coordination and Subordination. Exercises.
3. RHETORICAL PATTERN 187 Grammatical Form and Rhetorical Form. Rhetorical Analysis of Sen¬tence Patterns. Examples of Rhetorical Analysis. Imitation of Sen¬tence Patterns. Exercises. The Right Phrase. Exercises. Conventional Phrases: Transitional and Idiomatic. Exercises. Parallelism in the Sen¬tence. Practice in Parallelism. Exercises. Types of Sentence Structure: Loose, Periodic, Balanced, Mixed. Exercises. The Sentence as a Unit
of Composition. Variety in the Sentence. How to Obtain Variety. Segregation and Aggregation. Exercises.
VI. WORDS 235
1. USE OF THE DICTIONARY 237 Dictionary Entries. Word Origins. History of the Language: Anglo-Saxon to American-English. Other Uses of the Dictionary. Suggestions for Study.
2. VOCABULARY AND USAGE 250 Formal and Informal Diction. Slang. Exercises.
3. THE QUALITIES OF WORDS 260 Functional Words and Content Words. Denotation and Connotation. Exercises. Abstract and Concrete; General and Specific. Exercises. Figures of Speech. Exercises.
VII. DESCRIPTIVE AND NARRATIVE WRITING 290
1. DESCRIPTIVE WRITING 291
Point of View in Description 292
"Overlooking Maggie" by ARNOLD BENNETT 293
[The Old Wives' Tale]
"Manhattan from the Bay" by WALT WHITMAN 295
[Specimen Days in America]
"Tropical River" by JOSEPH CONRAD 296
[Tales of Unrest]
"Peggotty's House" by CHARLES DICKENS 298
[David Copperfield]
"In the Misses Morkan's Drawing-room" by JAMES JOYCE 299
[Dubliners]
Dominant Impression 300 "The House of Usher" by EDGAR ALLAN POE 301
["The Fall of the House of Usher"] "The Silence of the Plains" by OLE E. ROLVAAG 301
[Giants in the Earth]
"Eustacia Vye" by THOMAS HARDY 302
"The Chuckling Professor" by THOMAS WOLFE 304
[Of Time and the River]
"Captain Ahab" by HERMAN MELVILLE 305
[Moby Dick]
Selection of Details 306
"Greene's Army on the March" by JAMES BOYD 307
[Drums]
"The Brownstones" by ALFRED KAZIN 311
[A Walker in the City]
Selection of Language 313
"Hurricane" by FRANCES WOODWARD 316
["Wind and Fury"]
Expository Description 317
"Lake Erie" by HARLAN HATCHER 317
[Lake Erie]
"Canadian at Ottawa" by BRUCE HUTCHISON 319
[Canada, Tomorrow's Giant]
EXERCISES AND SUGGESTIONS FOR THEMES 321
2. NARRATIVE WRITING 323
The Illusion of Reality 326
The Method of Narrative 327
Other Features of Narrative 329
Tension. Circumstantiality. Generalized and Circumstantial Narrative. Focus.
Types of Narrative 334
Autobiographical and Reminiscent Narrative 336
"Stonewall at Bull Run" by HENRY KYD DOUGLAS 336
[Rode with Stonewall] "The Run on the Cherokee Strip" by MARQUIS JAMES 338
[The Cherokee Strip]
Narratives of Fact and Fiction Compelled 341 "Braddock's Approach to Fort Duquesne" by WASHINGTON IRVING 343
[Life of George Washington] "Captain Jack Meets General Braddock" by HERVEY ALLEN 345
[Bedford Village]
Narratives of Fiction: Imagined Action and Historical Background 347 "The Lieutenant Escapes" by ERNEST HEMINGWAY 348
[A Farewell to Arms]
Narratives of Fiction: The Short Story 351 The Short Story Defined. Point of View in the Short Story. Other Features of the Short Story.
"Anyuta" by ANTON CHEKHOV 361
[Motley Tales]
"The Majesty of the Law" by FRANK O'CONNOR 367
[Stories by Frank O'Connor] "The Killers" by ERNEST HEMINGWAY 375
[Men Without Women] SUGGESTIONS FOR READING 385
VIII. DEFINITION AND ANALYSIS IN EXPOSITORY WRITING 387
1. DEFINITION
Formal and Informal Definition. Methods of Definition.
"Obvious and Inevitable" by STARK YOUNG 399
[The Flower in Drama and Glamour] EXERCISES AND SUGGESTIONS FOR THEMES 400
2. ANALYSIS 402
Formal Analysis. Informal Analysis. Methods of Informal Analy¬sis.
A. Enumeration 408
"A Comparison of the Governments of Canada and New Eng-
land" by FRANCIS PARKMAN 409
[The Old Regime in Canada]
B. Statement of Root Principle 412
"The Road of Rails" by ROBERT S. HENRY 412
[This Fascinating Railroad Business]
C. Statement of a Problem 413
"Mass Production: A New Problem in the Arts" by LEWIS MUMFORD 414
[Virginia Quarterly Review]
D. Further Study of Definition and Analysis 416
"The Nature of Tragedy" by ARISTOTLE 417
[The Poetics]
"The Status of a Composer in the Eighteenth Century" by ERNEST NEWMAN 420
[Life of Richard Wagner]
"Why Men Read and Write" by RUSSELL KIRK 421
[Beyond the Dreams of Avarice]
EXERCISES IN FORMAL AND INFORMAL ANALYSIS 424
SUGGESTIONS FOR READING 425
IX. THE RESEARCH PAPER 427
Choice of a Subject. The Investigation. Use of the Library. General Ref¬erence Books. Use of the Card Catalogue. The Working Bibliography. Specimen Bibliography Cards. Note-Taking. Specimen Note Cards. Docu¬mentation: Footnotes. The Form of Footnotes. Other Material Included in Footnotes. Examples of Abbreviations, Citations, and Footnotes. Documentation: The Final Bibliography. The Completed Paper.
"The Friendship Between Hawthorne and Melville" by M. THOMAS INGE 451
[Specimen Research Paper]
X. THE CRITICAL ESSAY 477
"Bach" by GILBERT HIGHET 480
[Talents and Geniuses] "Thoreau As Saunterer" by REGINALD L. COOK 484
[Passage to Walden] "Thomas Hardy's Style" by LORD DAVID CECIL 489
[Hardy the Novelist]
XI. THE INFORMAL ESSAY 494
"The Pleasures of Ignorance" by ROBERT LYND 497
[The Pleasures of Ignorance]
"An Outline of Scientists" by JAMES THURBER 501
[Let Your Mind Alone]
TITLES AND SUBJECTS FOR INFORMAL ESSAYS 504
COLLECTIONS OF ESSAYS 505
XII. ARGUMENTATIVE WRITING 506
The Article of Opinion. Definition and Analysis. Soundness of Argu¬ment. The Syllogism. Common Fallacies. Exercises. Presentation.
"An Argument against Payment of Salaries to Executive Officers of the Federal Government" by BENJAMIN FRANKLIN 523
[Speech in the Constitutional Convention] "Let's Not Get Out the Vote" by ROBERT E. COULSON 527
[Harper's Magazine] "The Written Word: An Eye for an Ear," by MARSHALL MCLUHAN 531
[Understanding Media: The Extensions of Man] COMMENTS, QUESTIONS, AND SUGGESTIONS FOR THEMES 536
A CONCISE HANDBOOK OF GRAMMAR, PUNCTUATION, MECHANICS, AND SPELLING 541
THE NATURE OF GRAMMAR: A FOREWORD 543
I. THE PARTS OF SPEECH 543 II. SYNTAX 573
III. VARIOUS PROBLEMS OF GRAMMAR AND SENTENCE STRUCTURE 612
IV. PUNCTUATION 638
V. MECHANICS 664
VI. BUSINESS LETTERS 678
VII. PREFIXES AND SUFFIXES 682
FROM THE ANGLO-SAXON 682
FROM LATIN AND GREEK 683
VIII. SPELLING 686
LIST OF ONE THOUSAND WORDS FOR PRACTICE IN SPELLING 688
INDEX OF ILLUSTRATIVE SELECTIONS 701
GENERAL REFERENCE INDEX 709
