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Jude the Obscure
A NORTON CRITICAL EDITION
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The text reprinted in this volume is based on Hardy's final revision for the 1912 Wessex Edition, and includes his Preface and Postscript. The novel is copiously annotated and is accompanied by Hardy's map of Wessex and a plan of late-Victorian Oxford (the Christminster of the novel).
The textual history of the novel—including an account of the surviving manuscript showing Hardy's major change of intention during composition, of the pressure to bowdlerize the novel, and of the subsequent restoration and revisions—is traced in a series of extracts by Hardy himself, by his contemporaries, and by modern scholars: Richard Little Purdy, John Paterson, and Robert C. Slack. Selections from Hardy's poems, autobiography, letters, and journalistic writings provide a background to the novel. Autobiographical elements and the social climate of the times are discussed by C. J. Weber and W. R. Rutland, and Hardy's use of locale is explored in a section specially prepared for this edition.
The contemporary critical reception of the novel is illustrated by a selection of reviews. The twentieth-century critics represented are Irving Howe, Arthur Mizener, A. Alvarez, J. I. M. Stewart, D. H. Lawrence, Albert J. Guerard, Robert Gittings, Frederick P. W. McDowell, and Emma Clifford.
THE EDITOR
Norman Page is professor of English at the University of Alberta. He received his Ph.D. from the University of Leeds and has been the recipient of a Canada Council Leave Fellowship. He is the author of The Language of Jane Austen; Speech in the English Novel; Wilkie Collins: The Critical Heritage; and Thomas Hardy.
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Contents
Preface ix
The Text of Jude the Obscure i
A Map of the Wessex of the Novels (1895) 2
Contents of Jude the Obscure 4
Preface to the First Edition (1895) 5
Postscript (1912) 5
Jude the Obscure 9
Backgrounds and Sources
COMPOSITION, PUBLICATION, AND TEXT
Richard Little Purdy • [Composition and
Serialization of the Novel] 327
John Paterson • [Hardy's Change of Direction] 330
Robert C. Slack • [Hardy's Revisions] 331
HARDY'S NONFICTIONAL WRITINGS
Hardy's Autobiography 341
Comments from Hardy's Letters 346
The Tree of Knowledge 352
The Profitable Reading of Fiction 352
HARDY'S POEMS
Childhood Among the Ferns 355
A Necessitarian's Epitaph 356
The Masked Face 356
Thoughts of Phena at News of Her Death 356
The Son's Portrait 357
Lausanne, In Gibbon's Old Garden: 11-12 P.M. 358
The Young Glass-Stainer 358
The Conformers 3 59
The Recalcitrants 359
To a Motherless Child 360
Midnight on the Great Western 360
To a Lady Offended by a Book of the Writer's 361
LOCALE
Map: Valters' Plan of Oxford (1891) 362
Norman Page • Settings and Sources 365
INFLUENCES ON THE NOVEL
C. J. Weber • [Autobiographical Elements] 371
W. R. Rutland • [Hardy, Parnell, and Ibsen] 373
Criticism
CONTEMPORARY RECEPTION
William Dean Howells • From Harper's Weekly (December 7,189 5) 379
Margaret Oliphant • From Blackwood's Magazine (January 1896) 381
Edmund Gosse • From Cosmopolis (January 1896) 386
D. F. Hannigan • From the Westminster Review (January 1896) 391
W. W. How, Bishop of Wakefield • Letter to the Yorkshire Post (June 9, 1896) 393
Havelock Ellis • From the Savoy Magazine (October 1896) 393
MODERN CRITICISM
Irving Howe • [A Distinctively Modern Novel] 395
Arthur Mizener • [Jude the Obscure as a Tragedy] 406
A. Alvarez • [The Poetic Power of Jude the Obscure] 414
J. I. M. Stewart • ["So Much Power and So Much Fatigue"]
Harvey Curtis Webster • [Pessimism and Meliorism] 427
D. H. Lawrence • [Male and Female] 432
Albert J. Guerard • [Hardy's Portrait of Sue Bridehead] 444
Robert Gittings • [Sue as "a Girl of the 1860s"] 448
Frederick P. W. McDowell • [Imagery and Symbolism in Jude the Obscure] 45°
Emma Clifford • [The Child and the Circus] 459
Selected Bibliography
